Mobile plant must only be used for the purpose for which it is designed, in accordance with any GMW requirements, the manufacturer’s instruction and any legal requirements.
As a minimum this includes, but is not limited to, the following:
- Drivers/operators must be licensed as required by law; or
- Verification of Competency for mobile plant that does not require a licence
- Seat belts must be worn where fitted
- Persons must only ride in designated seating
- Personal hand-held devices (including mobile phones and music devices) must not be used:
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- while operating mobile plant
- while in control of a vehicle unless via a hands-free device in compliance with the law (also refer to Safe Driving Procedure)
Note: It is not illegal to use a CB or two-way radio, although this should be reduced to a minimum and primarily used for safety communication purposes as there is still a requirement to driver have proper control of the mobile plant/vehicle at all times
- Any loads must be safely stored and restrained while the mobile plant is in motion
- Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS) must be in place for the use of mobile plant at worksites
Workers (or third parties) who operate plant should be assessed competent, and suitably supervised (if required), so that they do not put themselves or others at risk.
All operating manuals and instructional material provided by the manufacturer must be retained and made available to all workers to ensure that the mobile plant it is correctly operated and maintained once it is in the workplace.
3.7.1 Pre-start inspections
A worker required to use or operate an item of mobile plant (including hired plant) at a GMW workplace must undertake a pre-start inspection prior to using the item of plant.
The pre-start inspection must be undertaken in accordance with manufacturer’s requirements, GMW requirements, or any other requirements specified by the supplier of the mobile plant (i.e. hire company requirements). Where practicable, the details of the pre-start checks should be recorded in the mobile plant logbook.
3.7.2 Loading and unloading mobile plant
The loading and unloading of plant and plant loads can result in fatal injuries if the risks are not adequately controlled – operators can be caught in plant when it falls or rolls over and persons in the vicinity can be struck. The important role that operator competency can play has been highlighted above.
Project and mobile plant risk assessment processes are also good ways to identify hazards and determine controls for managing loading and unloading risks.
A safe work method statement (SWMS) must be developed before work in and around mobile plant starts. The SWMS must identify the relevant hazards and controls to manage mobile plant risks.
The dynamic nature of construction sites means that hazards can change throughout a working day and so there is a need to continually confirm that the hazards are being suitably controlled – new or changed controls may be required as the work progresses.
It is extremely dangerous to load and unload mobile plant without loading ramps being secured. Loading ramps are to be checked for bends or cracks before they are used. Damaged ramps or fixing components (such as pins or R-clips) should never be used and are to be ‘tagged out’ and reported if discovered.
Soft or boggy ground conditions and sloping or uneven terrain can affect the stability of ramps when loading or unloading mobile plant. Where possible it should be established that:
- Ramps will only be set up on hard, level surfaces
- If there is a slight slope, the front of vehicles will be set up on the higher side of the slope
- Ramps will never be set up on a side slope
Work planning processes should ensure that people are not near an area in which plant or plant loads are being loaded or unloaded. Busy sites or public spaces should have an exclusion zone established with controls such as:
- Physical barriers
- Clear signage
- Use of a safety observer
There may also be traffic management requirements that need to be considered dependant on the location when loading or unloading mobile plant.
3.7.3 Exclusion zones for mobile plant
All persons must maintain a minimum exclusion zone of 15 metres around mobile plant while it is in operation.
This exclusion zone is a 360o arc around the machine extending from the machine or any protruding load.
The following diagram provides further guidance on this requirement.'

A Safety Observer shall be used at all times where an exclusion zone has been established with mobile plant and will be under the supervision of the mobile plant operator unless a risk assessment determines there is no requirement for a safety observer.
An exemption to the requirement for a 15 metre exclusion zone may only apply where:
- Robust physical barriers (or equivalent traffic management controls) have been implemented to effectively separate people from the mobile plant
- It is absolutely necessary for a person acting as a designated spotter to enter this zone
- In the event it is absolutely necessary to enter the exclusion zone the following controls must be applied before approaching:
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- Positive communication must be exchanged between the operator and the approaching person
- The person must remain in clear view of the operator at all times
- The plant operator must cease operations place the machine into neutral to prevent accidental contact with the person or accidental operation of the plant
3.7.4 Faulty or unsafe mobile plant
Any faulty or unsafe mobile plant is to be tagged out as per LOTO requirements and secured so that the mobile plant can’t be accessed or used until deemed safe by a competent person.
3.7.5 Cleaning, maintaining and repairing mobile plant
Mobile plant should be serviced and repaired according to the manufacturer’s requirements.
Maintenance can be conducted in several distinct ways, as follows:
3.7.5.1 Scheduled / Planned maintenance
- Maintenance and servicing carried out at predetermined intervals and with planned criteria and actions. A scheduled maintenance routine, usually activated by time, kilometers, work hours, etc.
- A maintenance schedule is to be established Maximo for all items of mobile plant that require maintenance. Based on the maintenance schedule developed, Maximo will generate a work order for the maintenance required on an item of mobile plant
- An annual inspection of trailers must be completed
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- These inspections can be spread over a 12 month period, but all trailers must be inspected by December annually
3.7.5.2 Unplanned maintenance
- Unplanned or reactive maintenance includes mobile plant breakdowns, issues with mobile plant operation and minor repairs necessary to prevent any further deterioration of mobile plant condition
- A risk assessment must be carried out to determine if it is necessary to remove the mobile plant from service until maintenance or repairs are completed
- Following completion of unplanned or reactive maintenance, a work order shall be created which includes information about the maintenance undertaken
3.7.5.3 Cleaning plant
- Workers using or operating mobile plant must regularly clean the item of mobile plant to remove any accumulation of dirt, grease and oil and plant materials
- Any cleaning activities involving the removal of oil or grease from mobile plant must be undertaken in a location with suitable waste collection facilities
- Plant materials accumulated on mowing or other vegetation management equipment must be cleaned from the item of mobile plant before it is removed from the area/worksite where it is used to manage the spread of weeds and plant diseases
3.7.6 Isolating mobile plant
Before any maintenance activity is performed on an item of mobile plant, appropriate risk control measures must be implemented to ensure the safety of the worker undertaking the work.
3.7.7 Mobile plant incidents, damage or theft
A worker shall report all incidents involving mobile plant to their manager/supervisor.
Mobile plant damage or theft must be immediately reported to the relevant manager/supervisor and an IRIS report to be raised. These occurrences may require further investigation by police, insurance companies or others, depending on the circumstances.
3.7.8 Storing mobile plant
Mobile plant that is not in use must be stored so that it does not create a risk to workers or other people in the workplace. Managers/Supervisors must ensure that mobile plant not in use is left in a state that does not create a risk to the health or safety of any person, and is secured to prevent theft or vandalism.
Mobile plant may present a risk to health or safety if measures are not taken to prevent the mobile plant moving of its own accord (for example, rolling down a sloping surface, floating down a river), or to prevent unauthorised operation.
Where land based powered mobile plant is unattended for any length of time, the operator of the powered mobile plant must ensure that the item of powered mobile plant has been parked on a firm, level surface with the handbrake applied, the motor switched off and the key removed.
Mobile plant designed to store, transport of dispense chemicals, fuels or other hazardous substances must be bunded and secured away from other mobile plant unless while refueling. Chemical spill kits MUST be located in proximately to the stored substances.
3.7.9 Making changes to mobile plant
Where there is a requirement to alter the design of an item of mobile plant, change the way the mobile plant is used or change a system of work associated with the mobile plant, a PSDS review must be undertaken.
The PSDS review must:
- Be undertaken by a person who is appropriately qualified, competent and experienced in the design and operation of the item of plant
- Include an assessment of all aspects of the proposed task
- Outline the reasons a purpose-designed item of mobile plant cannot be used for the proposed task, such as the impracticability of using it or additional risks that using purpose-designed mobile plant would generate
- Take into account the recommendations of the designer, manufacturer or supplier of the mobile plant and ensure the proposed use is not outside its capabilities
- Identify differences between the item of mobile plant and one that is purpose-designed for the task, and describe measures used to control the risks that such mobile plant is designed to control
- Amend any relevant documentation
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- for example, operator and maintenance manuals and signage
Where a PSDS review identifies that the mobile plant is not suitable for the proposed task, it must not be used for that task.
3.7.10 Making alterations to mobile plant
Where possible, the designer and manufacturer of an item of mobile plant should be consulted prior to making any alterations to GMW owned mobile plant to ensure all relevant safety issues have been considered.
Alterations are not to be made to any GMW mobile plant unless:
- Approval has been given (in writing) by GMW
- A safety in design workshop has been completed
- All risk assessments, work instructions have been completed
- Service/Maintenance schedules have been amended / updated
- The alterations have been signed off by an appropriately qualified person
Any alterations made to an item of mobile plant will result in GMW assuming the obligations of a designer or manufacturer for that piece of mobile plant.
If the original designer or manufacturer cannot be contacted (for older mobile plant or imported mobile plant), any alterations must be carried out by an appropriately qualified and experienced person in accordance with the relevant technical standards (see Appendix B).
In the case of mobile plant that requires design registration, the altered design must be registered if the alteration to the design may affect health and safety.
Mobile plant should be isolated from power sources and be unable to be switched on or activated accidentally before alterations begin or while alterations are being carried out.
Before returning altered mobile plant to service the following must be implemented:
- Adequate control measures in place to eliminate or, where that is not reasonably practicable, minimise any risks created by the alteration including providing information and training for users and supervisors about the changes
- Inspect and test the mobile plant, having regard to the altered design specifications and relevant technical standards.
Alterations to mobile plant are not permitted unless prior approval is first obtained by the relevant Executive Leadership Team (ELT) member/General Manager (GM) responsible for the item of mobile plant.